{"id":698,"date":"2014-03-01T21:54:11","date_gmt":"2014-03-01T20:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/?page_id=698"},"modified":"2014-03-04T12:36:38","modified_gmt":"2014-03-04T11:36:38","slug":"lextraction-de-lhuile-dolive","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/?page_id=698","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;extraction de l&rsquo;huile d&rsquo;olive"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L&rsquo;extraction de l&rsquo;huile d&rsquo;olive<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L&rsquo;huile d&rsquo;olive \u00ab vierge \u00bb se distingue nettement des autres types d&rsquo;huiles par deux caract\u00e9ristiques : la mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re, constitu\u00e9e par la pulpe des olives et\u00a0la m\u00e9thode d&rsquo;extraction, faite de processus de <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/16025415_ml_3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-705\" style=\"width: 178px;\" alt=\"16025415_ml_3\" src=\"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/16025415_ml_3-300x280.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"244\" \/><\/a><\/span>nature exclusivement m\u00e9canique. L&rsquo;huile d&rsquo;olive \u00ab\u00a0extra vierge\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0est une<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;\">\u00a0appellation,\u00a0d\u00e9finie\u00a0par l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne, qui garantit qu&rsquo;elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenue par la pres\u00adsion \u00e0 froid d&rsquo;olives fraichement r\u00e9colt\u00e9es sans ajout de sub\u00adstances chimiques<\/span> . Une huile d&rsquo;olive jaune d&rsquo;or est de meilleure qualit\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une huile verd\u00e2tre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L&rsquo;huile obtenue par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;extraction chimiques et physico-chimiques est donc identifi\u00e9e \u00e0 des types de produits diff\u00e9rents et distincts de l&rsquo;huile vierge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L&rsquo;huile d&rsquo;olive, riche en acides gras insatur\u00e9s, a une action favorable sur le m\u00e9tabolisme complexe des lipides. De nombreuses \u00e9tudes ont mis en \u00e9vidence son r\u00f4le pr\u00e9ventif dans les maladies cardio-vasculaires, dont le taux est nettement abaiss\u00e9 dans les pays qui en consomment. C&rsquo;est le corps gras le plus digeste et il doit \u00eatre pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 par tous ceux qui souffrent de probl\u00e8mes digestifs. Les sp\u00e9cialistes esti\u00adment qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de l&rsquo;huile la plus physiologique car ses acides gras insatur\u00e9s sont similaires \u00e0 ceux contenus dans le lait maternel. \u00c0 ce titre, l&rsquo;huile d&rsquo;olive est tr\u00e8s b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour les enfants. Enfin, on l&rsquo;utilise aussi en applications pour traiter diff\u00e9rents probl\u00e8mes de peau. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\"><strong>Extraction de l\u2019huile d\u2019olive vierge<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, le processus d\u2019extraction comporte la succession de quatre phases fondamentales :<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><strong>Phase 1<\/strong> <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>&#8211; <\/strong><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>op\u00e9rations pr\u00e9liminaires<\/strong> <\/span>: elles ont pour objet de pr\u00e9parer les olives \u00e0 la suite du travail d\u2019extraction. Ces op\u00e9tartions pr\u00e9liminaires sont\u00a0: le tri, le pesage, l\u2019entreposage (anciennement sac de jute, actuellement caisse ajour\u00e9e) pour pr\u00e9venir les risques de fermentation et le lavage \u00e0 l\u2019eau et \u00e9gouttage<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>\u00a0Phase 2<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>&#8211; <\/strong><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>Broyage:<\/strong><\/span> il a pour objet de briser les parois des cellules et d&rsquo;en faire sortir les sucs, il y a deux fa\u00e7ons\u00a0:<br \/>\n1) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Avec des meules<\/span>, l&rsquo;action m\u00e9canique est exerc\u00e9e par la rotation d&rsquo;une ou plusieurs <a href=\"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/DSC_0048.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-704 alignleft\" alt=\"DSC_0048\" src=\"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/DSC_0048.jpg\" width=\"720\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/DSC_0048.jpg 800w, https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/DSC_0048-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/DSC_0048-451x300.jpg 451w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a>grandes roues en pierre (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de granit) sur la masse travaill\u00e9e. Contrairement \u00e0 ce que l&rsquo;on pourrait penser, la lib\u00e9ration des sucs n&rsquo;est pas provoqu\u00e9e par l&rsquo;\u00e9crasement, mais par l&rsquo;action de frottement des ar\u00eates coupantes des fragments de noyau sur la pulpe des olives. Le r\u00f4le des roues est donc de concasser les noyaux et de malaxer la masse travaill\u00e9e.<br \/>\n2) <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Les broyeurs enti\u00e8rement m\u00e9talliques<\/span> sont les appareils pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s dans les installations modernes \u00e0 cycle continu parce qu&rsquo;ils int\u00e8grent parfaitement les exigences de l&rsquo;automatisation. Ils se composent d&rsquo;une s\u00e9rie d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9ments m\u00e9talliques tournant rapidement et munis d&rsquo;ar\u00eates vives, marteaux ou couteaux variant en nombre et en \u00e9paisseur; leur vitesse de rotation est de 1200-3000 tours par minute. Le produit de cette phase est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement appel\u00e9 p\u00e2te.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;\"><strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Phase 3<\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">&#8211; <\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">extraction du mo\u00fbt d&rsquo;huile<\/span><\/strong> : par pression ou par centrifugation. elle<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/16025415_ml_4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-709\" alt=\"16025415_ml_4\" src=\"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/16025415_ml_4-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> a pour objet de s\u00e9parer la phase liquide, l&rsquo;\u00e9mulsion eau-huile, de la phase solide, le<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">s grignons. Ceux-ci sont compos\u00e9s des r\u00e9sidus solides des peaux, de la pulpe, des graines et des fragments des noyaux (grignons). L&rsquo;\u00e9mulsion eau-huile est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement appel\u00e9e mo\u00fbt d&rsquo;huile ou parfois jus d&rsquo;olives. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le mo\u00fbt contient aussi un r\u00e9sidu solide, le \u00ab d\u00e9p\u00f4t \u00bb, qui reste en suspension dans l&rsquo;\u00e9mulsion ;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>Phase 4<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>&#8211; <\/strong><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>s\u00e9paration de l&rsquo;huile et de l&rsquo;eau<\/strong><\/span> : elle a pour objet de s\u00e9parer les deux composants du mo\u00fbt d&rsquo;huile. Au cours de ce processus on s\u00e9pare les deux phases liquides non miscibles et une grande partie des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts. On d\u00e9nomme la phase aqueuse r\u00e9siduelle les margines (pas d&rsquo;utilisation au singulier). d\u00e9cantation n<a href=\"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/16025415_ml_6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-710\" alt=\"16025415_ml_6\" src=\"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/16025415_ml_6-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>aturelle. Deux m\u00e9thodes diff\u00e9rentes sont appliqu\u00e9es pour cette s\u00e9paration :<br \/>\n1) <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">La phase de repos<\/span>,<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> l&rsquo;huile, plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re, tend \u00e0 remonter \u00e0 la surface, en se s\u00e9parant de l&rsquo;eau La d\u00e9cantation naturelle est une m\u00e9thode fortement d\u00e9laiss\u00e9e du fait qu&rsquo;elle est tr\u00e8s difficile \u00e0 exploiter dans le cadre des exigences qualitatives actuelles.<br \/>\n2)\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">La centrifugation\u00a0verticale<\/span>\u00a0est le syst\u00e8me employ\u00e9 dans toutes les installations pour s\u00e9parer l&rsquo;huile de l&rsquo;eau. A cet effet, on utilise des s\u00e9parateurs centrifuges verticaux. Il s&rsquo;agit de machines emprunt\u00e9e aux installations de l&rsquo;industrie laiti\u00e8re (\u00e9cr\u00e9meuses) qui effectuent la s\u00e9paration en vertu d&rsquo;une rotation \u00e0 grande vitesse. Le s\u00e9parateur centrifuge consiste en un r\u00e9servoir cylindrique contenant le tambour tournant compos\u00e9 d&rsquo;une s\u00e9rie d&rsquo;assiettes coniques perfor\u00e9es et superpos\u00e9es. Le mo\u00fbt d&rsquo;huile, introduit par le haut entre dans le tambour est soumis \u00e0 une centrifugation \u00e0 6000-7000 tours par minute. 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d&rsquo;olive L&rsquo;huile d&rsquo;olive \u00ab vierge \u00bb se distingue nettement des autres types d&rsquo;huiles par deux caract\u00e9ristiques : la mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re, constitu\u00e9e par la pulpe des olives et\u00a0la m\u00e9thode d&rsquo;extraction, faite de processus de nature exclusivement m\u00e9canique. L&rsquo;huile &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/?page_id=698\">Continuer la lecture <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":683,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"showcase.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-698","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=698"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/698\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/firetraite.ch\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}